Female Juvenile Delinquency Essay - 2679 Words

Female juvenile delinquency: What went wrong with â€Å"Sugar and Spice and all things nice†? Ariana Kalaitzaki S2760178 Griffith University Abstract This review addresses major questions around female juvenile delinquency, around which much contemporary research is oriented. These involve which factors are contributing to female juvenile delinquency and what causes female juveniles to display criminal behaviour in the first place. Theories and risk factors will be identified. Although research in the past decade has yielded considerable information about these questions, issues that need further investigation are also presented. Female juvenile delinquency: What went wrong with â€Å"Sugar and Spice and all things nice†? Until recently,†¦show more content†¦Cyril Burt attributed female delinquency to menstruation. William Healy and Augusta Bronner attributed female delinquency to abnormally masculine weight and Raffaele Garofaldo believed that a combination of biological, social and organic factors lead a person to commit crime (Siegel amp; Senna, 1997). After time, this biological view became scrutinised due to a lack of proper methodology (Siegel amp; Senna, 1997). Psychological Determinism. Psychological determinism focuses on the psychological traits that lead to delinquency such as mental and emotional disturbances. There are 3 common perspectives. The first is the psychoanalytic theory. Sigmund Freud proposed 3 dimensions of the human personality including the id, ego and superego. The id is the unrestrained, pleasure seeking component. The superegos purpose is to restrain the id using morals and the ego finds a balance between the id and superego (Siegel amp; Senna, 1997). Freud believed that an imbalance of these components led to a damaged personality, and in women, their deviance resulted from sexual maladjustment, gender conflict and neuroses (Gora, 1982). The second perspective is the behavioural theory whereby personality is developed through interactions with others (Siegel amp; Senna, 1997). Behaviourism is concerned with measurable events, such as the reaction a minor gets as a result of their behaviour. If behaviour is reinforced , the minor will be more likely to repeat the behaviour. TheShow MoreRelatedComparing Male And Female Juvenile Delinquency874 Words   |  4 PagesComparing and Contrasting Male and Female Juvenile Delinquents The article titled Profile of Incarcerated Juveniles: Comparison of Male and Female Offenders (Martin et al., 2008), effective methods of identifying potential juvenile offenders are discovered and reviewed. The discoveries made will help develop prevention programs at the state and national levels. The juveniles examined are offenders in a large juvenile justice system. The participants are of multiple races and live in a MidwesternRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is An Increasing Problem Within The United States995 Words   |  4 Pages Juvenile delinquency has become an increasing problem within the United States. According to Siegel and Welsh (2012), more than 1.1 million youth are being arrested each year for various crimes ranging from loitering to murder. There are numerous reasons why there should be programs to help deter delinquency. One of which, Greenwood (2008), states that juvenile delinquency has started to take it’s toll on tax payers. The cost of arresting, incarcerating, prosecuting, and treating offenders has beganRead MoreThe General Strain Theory Of Female Delinquency1253 Words   |  6 PagesA major theory used to explain female delinquency is the general strain theory (GST). According to Bartollas, â€Å"GST explains female delinquency by contending that many females experience harsh discipline, parental rejection, peer abuse, negative secondary school experience, homelessness, and a strong need for money;† these strains can cause females to cope through delinquent behavior (73). The social learning theory also explains female delinquency as â€Å"some females tend to associate with others whoRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is A Problem1508 Words   |  7 PagesJuvenile Delinquency When looking into the history of United States and elsewhere juvenile delinquency is a problem and has been one for over a century. Like other systems in place, the system involving juvenile delinquents has gone through many stages. In the case of the juvenile delinquency, it has gone through four stages, with us presently in the fourth. The causes behind juvenile delinquency are still unknown even today. Some blame it on the current culture, the over-exposure to violenceRead MoreGender Roles : The Juvenile Justice System1244 Words   |  5 PagesGender Roles in the Juvenile Justice System What role does gender play at the various stages of the juvenile justice system? Gender plays an enormous role in the juvenile justice system; both boys and girls have their fair share of run-ins with the Juvenile Justice System, but now more so than ever, females crime rates have increased. In some instances within the juvenile justice system, it may appear that boys and girls are comparable; however there are differences, even though they are subtle.Read MoreFemale Youth And The Juvenile System Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesFemales in the Juvenile System In beginning my research on females in the juvenile justice system, I was shocked to see how many of the new female juvenile statistics had increased and were gradually catching up on the juvenile male statistics. The numbers have been growing every year, and may soon surpass the numbers the boys have held for so many years. It makes me sit back and wonder what in the world is going on with our female youth in today’s society to cause such a slight, in some casesRead MoreJuvenile Crime And Juvenile Delinquency1322 Words   |  6 PagesVersion). Juvenile crime, in law, term denoting various offense committed by children or youth under the age of 18. U.S. official crime reported that in the mid-1900’s â€Å"about one-fifth of all persons arrested for crimes were under the age of 18† (Funk Wagnalls, 2014). Such acts are sometimes referred to as juvenile delinquency (Funk Wagnalls, 2014. Offering constructive programs reduces juvenile delinquency and reduces recidivism. â€Å"From the beginning, the principal consideration of the juvenile courtsRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : The United States1458 Words   |  6 Pages Juvenile Delinquency in the United States We live in a world where there is a great deal of investment allotted to our children and our culture tend to be overprotective of our youth. Rightfully so, our younger citizens are considered the building blocks of our nation and the carriers of our legacy in the future. But in spite of stringent laws that seem to protect our youth, other factors such as race, poverty, and environment are catalysts for delinquent youth behavior. Juvenile crime isRead MoreIs Gender Responsive Training?1469 Words   |  6 Pagesfor girls has been steadily increasing and gender responsive training is crucial step to address the problem. There is a higher probability of delinquency during adolescence for females. The list below describes the risk factors of girls and young women to be put into the criminal justice system. In the book called, In Guiding Principles for Promising Female Programming: An Inventory of Best Practices (1988): â€Å"she’s poor and has grown up in a neighborhood with a high crime rate†¦been a victim of physicalRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency Is An Integral Part Of Criminology1559 Words   |  7 Pagescurb delinquency in juveniles. Children are expected to be obedient, respectful and imbibe virtues and good quality in them. Due to various reasons children do not follow settled social and legal dictum. Juvenile delinquency, as a legal concept is of recent origin. Juvenile delinquency is an integral part of criminology. The two cannot be separated since one of the reasons for crime and its continuance into adult life is the ineffective control and treatment of juveniles. Juvenile delinquency is a

The California Osteoporosis Prevention And Education Act

Every year, about one third of everyone over the age of 65 falls, and do not report it to their doctors. Falls are the leading cause of fatal and nonfatal injuries in older people (Falls Among Older Adults). Falls become more common as people age because their bones become more brittle and their muscle mass decreases. In society today, the baby boomers are aging, which means falls will continue to increase in frequency. When a person falls, it doesn’t just affect the victim; it affects everyone. In 2012, approximately $30 billion went towards medical costs that were associated with falls (Falls Among Older Adults). To prevent more people being injured and more money being spent, there has to be a change. In 2010, the California Osteoporosis Prevention and Education Act was established. This acts’ intent is to spread public awareness of osteoporosis, how it can be prevented, and to improve the way osteoporosis is treated. Half of all older women and 15 percent of older m en will suffer a fracture related to osteoporosis (Stone). Not only would it spread awareness of the disease with the older generation, but also with physicians and other medical personal to educate them on how it can be treated. Along with the California Osteoporosis Prevention and Education Act, there is Welfare and Institutions Code Section 9450-9454. Theses sections focus on people and the idea of â€Å"aging in place†, and how adjustments to the home can make it safer for people. Section 9451’s intent isShow MoreRelatedThe National Lunch Program1342 Words   |  6 Pagesportion sizes, and healthy calorie amounts. The National School Lunch Program was created in 1946 to make lunches available for students who may not have the money to bring lunch from home or who are malnourished (Harris 310). The National School Lunch Act states the program was started â€Å"‘as a measure of national security, to safeguard the health and well-being of the nation’s children and to encourage the domestic consumption of nutritious agricultural commodities and other food’† (qtd. in School MealsRead MoreEthics Paper - Childhood Obesity and Nutrition4662 Words   |  19 PagesAbstract Schools may have an ethical obligation to help in the prevention of the increasing propensity toward childhood obesity. School programs can be implemented to improve the nutritional quality of students’ diets. Students spend approximately one third of their day in school and consume one to two meals there per day, therefore justifying the importance of the responsibility to advise dietary behaviors and influence healthy decisions. In consideration of these logical methods, the ethicalRead MoreAmerica s War On Drugs3748 Words   |  15 Pagesof narcotics causes illnesses which are putting people in danger of dying at an earlier age. Since 1992, federal surveys indicated an increase in adolescent drug use. The D.A.R.E. Drug Abuse Resistance Education program administers a school based substance abuse, gang, and violence prevention program in 75% of United States school districts and in 48 countries (as of 2013), (Dare, 2014). There are some pros and cons as to the effectiveness of D.A.R.E. The following shows the efforts that the programRead MoreImpact of Radio and Television Advertising on Consumer Behaviour Special Referance on Consumer Durable Goods5906 Words   |  24 Pagesespecially among the French, Australians, Californians, and Chileans. Cabernet Sauvignon pairs perfectly with meat dishes. Types of White Wine White wine is made from white gapes, produced in Europe, and numerous other places such as Australia, California, New Zealand, South Africa and so on. The great varieties of white grapes are deliciously combined with citrus and spicy flavors, and make a great pair for seafood and Italian dishes. * Sauvignon Blanc  -  Sauvignon Blanc stands out with itsRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography: Plagiarism39529 Words   |  158 Pagesplagiarism and university practice. Vaccine, 30(50): 7131-7133. Abstract This article examines a case of academic plagiarism and the subsequent treatment of the issues across several academic institutions. It calls for academic leaders in universities to act on what constitutes a serious breach of standards, engendered in part by broader institutional norms and values promoting the need for publications in a publish or perish environment. While universities often promote high-sounding ideals and wouldRead MoreGsk Annual Report 2010135604 Words   |  543 Pagesfollows is our report to shareholders for 2010. Progress we have made in the year can also be seen by visiting our website: www.gsk.com/corporatereporting Notice regarding limitations on Director Liability under English Law Under the UK Companies Act 2006, a safe harbour limits the liability of Directors in respect of statements in and omissions from the Report of the Directors contained on pages 8 to 101. Under English law the Directors would be liable to the company, but not to any third party

A letter of advice for Isla-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Questions: 1.Prepare a letter of advice for Outback Medical outlining all the requirements to sponsor and nominate Isla for a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. 2.Prepare a letter of advice for Isla outlining the requirements for her to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Answers: 1.A letter of advice for Outback Medical outlining all the requirements to sponsor and nominate Isla for a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. The Authority of Outback Medical Queensland DD/MM/YYYY Dear Sir Sub: A letter of Advice for Sponsor for Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa It is notify to you that as Isla has not renewed the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa, which has expired two weeks ago, she needs to apply for the renew of the visa. Now, according to current situation she might take to her homeland Ireland due to the expiry of the visa. In present days she is working in your organization, which is a nursing home, named Outback Medical where she work as a nurse and she is interested also to continue her profession in the organization. Therefore, Under the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visas it is required to have a sponsor for renew the visa for mandatory purposes where she will get the permission to work for temporary. Hon Malcolm Turnbull MP the Prime Minister of Australia and the Hon Peter Dutton MP, Minister were first introduced the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa where they intended for the establishes the terms for abolishing the Temporary Skill Shortage (TSS) visa which should become the genuine skills shortage under to the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection. Under the terms of the visa, it allows the extension of works for 4 years under the Australian Government along with the approved sponsor. It is necessary that the applicant must have an approved sponsor where he or she could be volunteered under those particular organizations. It is necessary that with the conditions of the 457-visa process, the sponsor must approve for the actual position of sponsor and he or she should be capable to provide the sponsorship of the applicant. After the permission of the sponsor position, the sponsor might apply for the application where the approved sponsor can able to get the sponsorship under the 457 visa nominations. According to the terms of the Immigration, the 457 visa holders has the rights only work under the actual nominated occupation along with the sponsored by approved sponsor. The date when the nomination will provided, the applicant is required to have the transition for the permanent residency and if they are consists of two years of employment where the employer has sponsored the applicant must approved with full-time position in the 457-visa holder's under the nominated occupation. The provided sponsorship only applicable for the 457-visa process and he or she should consists or holds a standard business sponsor. Now it is necessary for the nominated sponsor where he or she must has the capability to meet and satisfy the qualification of an appropriate sponsor for the 457-visa applicant. The terms which are necessary for the sponsor are: The applicant sponsor must hold or runs a lawfully operating business in Australia. The applicant sponsor should mention the numbers of the workers where the visa holders will sponsored for the 457-visa process. The applicant sponsor also consists of appropriate IN numbers along with the process, applicant sponsor is required to complete the terms of the prescribed training benchmark and if it must have the trading for last 12 months then the actual criteria are also require to meet the capability. Under the IN number the visa plan need to fulfill with the prescribe benchmark for the trading of more than 12 months or less. The applicant sponsor should declare the sponsorship in written documents, which should stated strong commitment to employing under Australia and it must not discriminate the way of recruitments. If any training is required to fulfill the position of the sponsor then it is also need to complete such issues. If the applicant sponsor is running the business outside of Australia then the person must have a clear intention to sponsor a 457 worker to establish a new business in Australia with connections to an overseas business. if the applicant sponsor is running the business outside of Australia then the person is also require to sponsor the 457-visa holder worker for satisfying the contractual obligations the employer has in Australia. The applicant sponsor must not have adverse information, which has pertaining for the workers. The applicant sponsor not required to take any actions or involve with any activities where a third party pay the costs, which is related to the employer for becoming a sponsor or recruiting a 457 worker. Therefore according to the fact of the case, as your organization Outback Medical want to sponsor Isla for her renew of her Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Therefore is requiring following all the above consequences to complete the process of sponsorship for being the sponsor for Isla. As Islas Temporary Business Entry (Class UC), subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa has already expired two weeks ago therefore she need to renew the process along with the sponsor under the Outback Medical nursing home where she can get the job of nursing and along with the permission of the temporary residency in Australia. The sponsor also looks for every criminal record and collects the character certificate from her whether she has any relation with the acts. According to the adverse terms it should includes the information where unlawful activity under Commonwealth, state or territory law, including being subject to administrative action that falls short of a criminal convictionshould not considered. The applicant is not must investigate for any illegal activities under Commonwealth, state or territory law. The applicant must not have the insolvency under the subsections 5(2) and (3) of the Bankruptcy Act 1966 and section 95A of the Corporations Act 2001. As per the adverse information the illegal activities has been described such as: discrimination, immigration, industrial relations, occupational health and safety, people smuggling and related offences, slavery, sexual servitude and deceptive recruiting, taxation, terrorism and trafficking in persons and debt bondage. Therefore it is also notify to you that you must collect all the required documents from Isla before stat to the renew process for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Yours sincerely XYZ Migration Agent 2.A letter of advice for Isla outlining the requirements for her to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa. Isla McCormik Queensland DD/MM/YYYY Dear Isla Sub: A letter for outlining the requirements to be granted a Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa It is notify to you that as visa has not renewed the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa, which has expired two weeks ago, you needs to apply for the renew of the visa. Now, according to current situation you may go back to your homeland Ireland due to the expiry of the visa. In present days, you are working in your organization, which is a nursing home, named Outback Medical where you work as a nurse and interested to continue the profession in the organization. Therefore, Under the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa it is required to have a sponsor for renew the visa for mandatory purposes where you will get the permission to work for temporary. Under the 457-visa process the applicant is requires to completing online application 1066 Employer Sponsored Workers (e457). Along with such documentation the applicant is also requires fulfilling other requirements. Those are: For the documentation which has been conducted for the registered training organisation which must approved by the Trades Recognition Australia. If the applicant is nominated under the occupation, project and Program Administrator or Specialist Managerthen it will be helpful for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa applicant. The applicant also requires having the qualification certificate, which includes the professional and educational. The name and contact details of the registration or licensing authority. the employee must fulfill the relevant skill levelunder the ANZSCO code and it must includes the personal details, position of the services, old employment records, the detail information of the sponsor. The applicant is requiring completing the IELTS test, OET test where it must meet the requirement of the English language. The applicant is also requires to passed scores in those tests. The applicant must submit the personal documents, which includes the current passports, travel documents, persona details, and photos. If the applicant is require to include their family members then it is necessary to submit the details documents of the family members. For the spouse the marriage certificate is needed to submit under the Immigration Authority. For the de-facto relationship, partners documents need to submit to the Immigration Authority. the documents of health insurance is also requires to submit under the documentation process for the Temporary Business Entry (Class UC) subclass 457 Temporary Work (Skilled) visa applicant. Along with the health, certificates the applicant should submit the health certificate that she is not consist of any chronicle diseased. The applicant is requiring having the character certificate from the government where she lives. The applicant must not have any criminal records and consists of good character under the Ireland government. Therefore, it is notifying you that you must follow the entire requirement, which has mentioned the letter. Yours sincerely XYZ Migration Agent References Migration Act 1958 Migration Agents Code of Conduct Migration Agents Regulations 1998 Migration Regulations 1994

Philosophy Essays (1635 words) - Ancient Greek Philosophers

Philosophy When I was born, I did not know the difference between right and wrong. Now, I do. The word philosophy means the love of knowledge. One type of knowledge is propter quid, which ask the question why or how. In this paper, I will demonstrate how Socrates, Hume and Aristotle, three well known philosophers, would explain how I acquired this knowledge in relation to the principles of right and wrong. Socrates is the first philosopher, I will discuss. Since Socrates did not write anything down, Socrates thinking is told through his student, Plato, who wrote his teachers' thoughts. Socrates is an idealist who believes that things are in born. Therefor he believed that before we are born our soul knows everything, but when we are born our mind is a tabular rasa (blank slate). As we grow day by day, we recollect the knowledge from our soul. ? the soul, that is, the human mind, before it is united with the body, is aquatinted with the intelligible world or the world of Forms. In this prior existence, the true knowledge. After its union with a human body, a person's mind contains its knowledge deep in its memory. True knowledge in this world consists of remembering, in reminiscence or recollection. What the mind or soul once knew is raised to present awareness by a process of recollection aided by the technique of dialect or the Socratic method. (Stumpf 260) This is known as the theory of recollection. The theory of recollection is told through Plato in the Phaedo and the Meno. In the theory of recollection "Socrates' answer to the paradox is that knowledge is recollection. This thesis allows a man to have ideas of which he later becomes conscious by recollection; thereby overcoming the sharp division between not-knowing and knowing, and justifying inquiry." (Sternfeld, 35) Socrates states in the Meno " A man cannot inquire about what he knows, because he knows it, and in that case he is in no need of inquiry, nor again can he inquire about what he does not know, since he does not know what he is to inquire." (Plato 80E) This theory of recollection may explain why we often say that we had certain knowledge before we leaned it or heard it for the first time. It is often said that we are born with concepts and it is these concepts that structure our minds, beliefs, and actions. "In his dialogue entitled the Meno, Plato illustrates how Socrates is able to show that even a young uneducated slave boy knows some truths of geometry not because somebody taught him that subject but because be naturally knows the relationship of various ideas to each other." (Stumpf 260) This quote illustrates how Socrates thought that the uneducated boy knew geometry. He recollected it from his soul. In the Meno, Socrates states that the boy is "recovering by oneself knowledge within oneself." (Plato 85D) Knowledge in the Meno is perceived as having an acquaintance with the object, but not knowing how it functions. Socrates states here that true knowledge is that is learned. Once learned, we remember that knowledge and apply it when needed. This can be done through recollection or memory. As an occasion arises that requires the use of this knowledge, we can use the abilities of our mind and recollect the knowledge for the circumstance. I interpret Socrates to mean that I was born with a knowledge of right and wrong, but I needed to experience situations where I needed to recall this knowledge. He makes reference to the initial knowledge being in the soul. Hume is the second philosopher I will discuss. Hume's beliefs are different from Socrates. Hume believes that we were born knowing nothing, and everything is learned. He feels that as we grow, we learn the difference between right and wrong from our experiences. The present comes from the senses and the past is in our memory. Hume shows how knowledge begins form the experiences we encounter through our five senses. It is said of Hume "?it is the use he makes of the principle or the association of ideas, which enters into most of his philosophy. The principle of association