The Utilitarianism approach Essay Example for Free

The Utilitarianism approach Essay 1. What do Act Utilitarianism believes? How do their beliefs differ from those of Rule Utilitarianism? According to Aggabao (2013), act utilitarianism (AU) capture that people must implement that deed that well bring about the greatest benefit for all people who concerned. Act utilitarianism believes that each situation is different from other situations. On other word each situation is unique and non-repeatable. So each individual has to try to avoid about the greatest number of good consequences for greatest number of people in specific situation and time. For example, teachers, who try and make their best to avoid their students with a greatest amount of their knowledge, are moral and act utilitarianists. This behavior from those teachers will lead to the greatest good consequences. Students will be able to answer their papers very well without any help from any sources (of course in specific time which is the semester and in specific situation which is the effort of teachers to teach students.). The differences between AU and RU are coming from what their beliefs involved. Act Utilitarianism (AU) believes that each situation is different. In contrast, rule utilitarianism (RU) believes that is people should reside and chase that the rule, of the place where they live, that will lead to great benefits for all concerned. For example, everyone should follow the traffic laws. If everybody follow these rules, that will bring about the greatest good consequences for greatest number of people. Act Utilitarianism requires simple rational thinking because the situations are different naturally, while Rule Utilitarianism requires rational, reasonable, and complex thinking from individual to establish between the rules. While RU control the generating greatest good, in AU greatest good are achieved automatically as a consequence of the actions.

History of Marriage Law Essay -- Essays Papers

History of Marriage Law While abortion law is a lot more straightforward and the patterns are obvious, marriage law in the United States is a bit more complicated. -English common law, and early American law, before the 1820's treated marriages like business mergers. The fathers paid dowries and often arranged marriages for their daughters. In the early 1800's fathers could contract their daughters to marriage as early as age 12 and there was no consent on her part. Boys had to be 14 before they could enter into a marriage contract. -The age at which a woman could enter into marriage in the mid-nineteenth century varied widely from state to state, and therefore a timeline of laws is very difficult to accomplish. -Throughout the 19th century and the early 20th century the age at which women could legally marry rose slowly to anywhere from 16-18 years of age by the mid 20th century. -States differed widely on what rights women had in a marriage. Until 1873 women had absolutely no claim to custody of their children unless proof of abuse of the children was offered and corroborated. -This is about the time that women began to get property rights as well in some states. The responsibilities that came with these rights, however, were huge and not all states were universal in their protection of a woman's property. If a woman did own anything, she had the legal obligation to use it to support completely any illegitimate children, all of her children from her marriage, her husband, her grandchildren, and her parents. So if any of these people asked her to support them she could not legally refuse. -Coming into World War I women could not divorce a husband for adultery, even though he could divorce his wife for the ... ...d so much about the decision, about the issue, and about the legality that reproductive choice makes even more sense to me now than it did originally. I recommend that anyone very interested in the issue of choice read the decision and look into the Griswold case and the issue of Right to Privacy. Bibliography "About.com Women's History: Comstock Law." Available online at www.about.com. "About.com Women's History: Man and Wife" available online at www.about.com Blackmun, Supreme Court Justice. Majority Decision in the Case of Roe v. Wade. Delivered January 22, 1973. "Brief History of the Emergence of the Crime of Rape" available online at Hansel.mnstate.edu/classes/CJ400/Monograph/Oldlaw21.html "History of Marriage" available online at www.2-in-2-1 co.uk/university/brhistory/index2.html Schwartz, Bernard. A History of the Supreme Court. 1993.

A study of Neanderthal ‘homo neanderthalensis’ morphology in terms of Bergman’s rule and Allen’s rule

Carl Bergman, a 19th century German biologist, stated that in a warm-blooded, polytypic, wide-ranging animal species, the body size of the members of each geographic group varies with the average environmental temperature.According to this principle, warm-blooded animals living in cold climates would tend to gradually become larger than animals of the same species living in warmer climates.J.A.Allen however said that animals adapted to cold have shorter limbs and protruding body parts.Taking these two rules together we could expect those living in cold, Northern climates to have short limbs, protruding body parts and be larger than those living in warmer places.It is believed that homo neanderthalis came North out of Africa 600,000 years ago. After that period there was an increase in their cranial capacity. They populated Europe from about 130,000 until 28,000 years ago when they either became extinct, or were so absorbed by homo sapiens as to become invisible. Fossils finds, associ ated with various cold adapted creatures such as reindeer.They had brow and jaw ridges and protruding faces. Palmer tuberosities   and tools found show that they probably had twice the strength of modern man. According to muscle attachment points and bone thicknesses it seems that they were more robust than modern man, but also that they were more sedentary. Homo sapiens ranged far and wide, whereas Neanderthals tended to stay in northern climes. Body mass increased in time, until they were about 30% larger than the worldwide average according to John Kappelman.McDonald makes the point that they lacked the culture to protect themselves from the elements and so adapted genetically with short, massively strong limbs, thick torso, prominent central face etc. Limb proportions are close to those of modern day extreme northern peoples such as the Inuit or Lapps. This fits in with the rules quoted earlier.References  Allen, J.A. The influence of Physical conditions in the genesis of sp ecies. Radical Review, 1877, 1: 108-140.Bergman,C. quoted inhttp://www.bartleby.com/61/98/B0199800.html retrieved 17th October 2007Kappelman, J., â€Å"They Might be Giants,† Nature, vol. 387 (May 8, 1997), pp. 126-127.Neanderthals found at   http://www.ecotao.com/holism/hu_neand.htm retrieved 17th October 2007McDonald, D.S., 1996, Neanderthal morphology found at http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/3917/morph.html retrieved 17th October 2007   A study of Neanderthal ‘homo neanderthalensis’ morphology in terms of Bergman’s rule and Allen’s rule Carl Bergman, a 19th century German biologist, stated that in a warm-blooded, polytypic, wide-ranging animal species, the body size of the members of each geographic group varies with the average environmental temperature.According to this principle, warm-blooded animals living in cold climates would tend to gradually become larger than animals of the same species living in warmer climates.J.A.Allen however said that animals adapted to cold have shorter limbs and protruding body parts.Taking these two rules together we could expect those living in cold, Northern climates to have short limbs, protruding body parts and be larger than those living in warmer places.It is believed that homo neanderthalis came North out of Africa 600,000 years ago. After that period there was an increase in their cranial capacity. They populated Europe from about 130,000 until 28,000 years ago when they either became extinct, or were so absorbed by homo sapiens as to become invisible.Fossils finds, associa ted with various cold adapted creatures such as reindeer. They had brow and jaw ridges and protruding faces. Palmer tuberosities   and tools found show that they probably had twice the strength of modern man. According to muscle attachment points and bone thicknesses it seems that they were more robust than modern man, but also that they were more sedentary.Homo sapiens ranged far and wide, whereas Neanderthals tended to stay in northern climes. Body mass increased in time, until they were about 30% larger than the worldwide average according to John Kappelman.McDonald makes the point that they lacked the culture to protect themselves from the elements and so adapted genetically with short, massively strong limbs, thick torso, prominent central face etc. Limb proportions are close to those of modern day extreme northern peoples such as the Inuit or Lapps. This fits in with the rules quoted earlier.References  Allen, J.A. The influence of Physical conditions in the genesis of spe cies. Radical Review, 1877, 1: 108-140.Bergman,C. quoted in http://www.bartleby.com/61/98/B0199800.html retrieved 17th October 2007Kappelman, J., â€Å"They Might be Giants,† Nature, vol. 387 (May 8, 1997), pp. 126-127.Neanderthals found at   http://www.ecotao.com/holism/hu_neand.htm retrieved 17th October 2007McDonald, D.S., 1996, Neanderthal morphology found at http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/Launchpad/3917/morph.html retrieved 17th October 2007  

Theories of Leadersip - 1506 Words

In taking part in the Seven Habits Profile, it is easy to see what parts take precedence and which go on the back burner. While knowing what the end goal is, there is not motivation and there is evident procrastination. These are shown in sections 4 and 5. For example, I want to advance in my career within the hospital setting but have been slow in completing tasks for my higher level degrees. Knowing what my long term goals are is one of the qualities I have that make me an authentic leader. Also, my desire to work with others is high. In taking the Seven Habits Profile, I learned I am fairly even across the board with a few outliers. Having everything so across the board shows that I have the same care for my own thoughts as I do others.†¦show more content†¦A weakness I have that is large is building resilience (Metcalf, 2014). I can be a little sensitive at times when there is criticism. I must learn to focus on my own strengths and not take experiences so personally, bu t rather use it as learning tool for the future. There is always room to improve yourself. First step is to build self-awareness (Metcalf, 2014). This is to really see who you are within in regard to leadership style. Then learn about the people you interact with and their leadership style. When learning what all involved different leadership styles are, it is easier to make an environment where all party’s styles are balanced and comfortable with interacting with one another. Another change is to respond to situations a little quicker while still have myself and genuinely in the equation. This is to â€Å" learn to expand your repertoire of skills and behaviors.† This takes listening skills as wells as understanding, even when disagreeing with the person speaking to you. Lastly, learning to utilize my emotional intelligence will help with success. Learning to understand others and being flexible to get to their level to get the job done. I must learn to practic e patience and not get irritated when someone is not doing things the same way I would. S.M.A.R.T. goals are a tool to goalShow MoreRelatedLeadership Styles Are Interconnected With Culture And Tradition Of An Organization?1066 Words   |  5 Pagesleadership. 2.High task and high relationship - participative style of leadership 3.Low-task and low relationship -free rein style leadersip 4.High task and low relationship - autocratic style of leadership 3. Based on assumptions about people - 1. Theory X - They do not trust people and believe in close supervision and tight control over the employees. 2. Theory Y - They are participative ,trust people on an organisation and allow them to participate in decision- making. 4.. EntrepreneurshipRead MoreResponse to Change Essay977 Words   |  4 Pages66(5), e85-e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2012.004432 Marquis, B. L., Huston, C. J. (2012). Leadersip Roles and Management functions in Nursing (7th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Lippincott Williams Wilkins. McGarry, D., Cashin, A., Fowler, C. (2012, June). Child and adolescent nursing and the ’plastic man’ Reflections on the implementation of change drawing insight from Lewin’s theory of planned change. Contempory Nurse, 41(2), 263-270. http://dx.doi.org/ Read MoreOrganizational Culture1980 Words   |  8 Pagesdistributive value where equality of outcomes emphasizes members’ common fate, and promotes solidarity and social cohesion. The different ways in which organizations seek to resolve this distributive dilemma have been described in terms of a typological theory of organizations. The more unequal or centralized the power structure is in an organization, the more equity values (or an equity orientation) predominate, and the more resources and rewards will tend to be differentially (i.e. unequally) allocatedRead More Organizational Culture Essay1861 Words   |  8 Pagesdistributive value where equality of outcomes emphasizes members’ common fate, and promotes solidarity and social cohesion. The different ways in which organizations seek to resolve this distributive dilemma have been described in terms of a typological theory of organizations. The more unequal or centralized the power structure is in an organization, the more equity values (or an equity orientation) predominate, and the more resources and rewards will tend to be differentially (i.e. unequally) allocatedRead MoreIncrease Student Achievement And Increase Teacher Accountability Essay3324 Words   |  14 Pagestruly would motivate them to be a better teacher in the classroom. Because we have been doing this study during the summer, we decided we would send out a survey to teachers in two different schools. One survey was sent out to teachers at American Leadersip Academy Elementary and one survey out to teachers in Gunnison Valley Elementary. The reason we chose to do two different surveys is to see if there was a difference between how teachers at a charter school felt about performance pay compared to